如何采集网页数据女性发音普遍比男性标准？男女生的语言习惯还有这么多差别……(2)

As the researchers say: “Boys struggle to find a forum in which they can try out masculine identities which can be differentiated from the ‘hegemonic’ codes of macho masculinity.” Both boys and men seem more likely to do this in the presence of just one close friend (or a single trusted adult).

研究者称：“男生们努力寻找一种公共话语空间，让他们可以试着表达与那种大男子气的‘霸权’男性气概不相同的男性身份认同。”男孩与成年男性貌似都更容易在只有一个亲密朋友或者自己信任的成人在场的情况下吐露心声。

And men have historically preferred to have emotional talk with women. A recent survey of mobile phone use claims that men now gossip more than women, but reveals that women’s “gossip partners” tend to be women friends and family, while men’s “gossip partners” tend to be women partners, female friends and work colleagues.

自古以来，男性都更愿意与女性交流情绪。最近一项对手机使用情况的调查显示，男性比女性更喜欢八卦；不过，调查显示，女性的“八卦对象”往往是同为女性的朋友和家人，而男性的“八卦对象”往往是女性伴侣、女性朋友和工作同事。

However, as women become impatient with doing this emotional work, men will need to develop more “connectedness” with other men. But men have a history of friendships which stress sociability rather than intimacy, which could be described as “side-by-side” rather than “face-to-face”.

不过，女性会对这种“知心姐姐”似的情感工作变得不耐烦，因此，男性则需要与其他男性建立更多的“联结感”。但是呢，男人间的友谊自古以来都是强调交际而非亲密。有一个比喻可以很形象地描述这种兄弟情：这种友谊是“肩并肩的”，而不是“面对面的”。

So although it is acknowledged that men and boys have a lot of fun together, at the same time there is a sense “of something missing emotionally”. Those involved in the research on boys in London schools are hopeful that things can be changed: “By encouraging boys to talk about themselves and their relationships in single-sex groups, close and supportive relations with other boys can be forged.”

所以呢，即便大家都承认男人间和男孩间都可以玩得很来，但同时，他们的关系总有一种“情绪情感上的缺失感”。伦敦校园男孩研究中的研究员们表示情况可以有所改善：“鼓励男孩儿多谈论自己的情绪，鼓励他们多表达自己在男性群体中所经历的关系，这样一来，吸粉方案，亲密且能够互相扶持的男孩间关系也能够建立起来。”

Gender is not something we are born with, and not something we have, but something we do (West and Zimmerman 1987) – something we perform (Butler 1990).

社会性别并不是与生俱来的，也并不是你所拥有的一种东西，而是你的所作所为，是你的执行与呈现。

社会性别的内涵一直在变迁，它们与语言之间的关系也同样随时间改变。

我们很难预料，现在某个性别的言语特征以后会不会成为主流，就像200年前喜欢卷舌的英国人应该也没想到，不卷舌的RP（Received Pronunciation，标准发音）成了不列颠群岛的标准音。

Notes

intonation /ˌɪntəˈneɪʃn/ n语调

declarative /dɪˈklærətɪv/ adj陈述的；陈述句

hegemonic / ˌhedʒɪˈmɒnɪk / adj支配的；霸权的

macho / ˈmɑːtʃoʊ / adj大男子气的

masculinity/,mæskjʊ'lɪnɪtɪ/ n男性气概

forge / fɔːrdʒ / v锻造

如何采集网页数据女性发音普遍比男性标准？男女生的语言习惯还有这么多差别……(2)
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